Demotech, design for self reliance


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Considerations and toolbox for working on this website. Support remote cooperation in contributing and editing for this website possible

Please visit also our wiki research pages. (D2)

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Copyright & Open Source

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 License.

Please refer to our work and provide us with usefull feedback and comments on our design initiatives.

Liability clause

We cannot be held accountable for injuries incurred during construction or usage of our designs and construction manuals.

Constructing the Demotech website
<< Back to category Rethinking concepts

In daily use Reduction till nill by replacing a product by a service Applicable in modern as well as in poor economies Unknown Unknown Rural as well as urban.



Why
We have to construct an entrance for you into the many sided work of Demotech. We want to guide you to a topic that is in tune with your imagination; to imagine is the driving force for understanding. We want to clarify the central approach by showing how the very many topics develop in the same direction. The database we present here is the tool to search, select and re-arrange the information you may need.
To make a proper selection from thirty years of work done by Demotech is not a small task. We'll start in a rough way. Do not expect all hyperlinks to work, shield your eyes from the many misspellings you will encounter. By and by we will add relevant choices, relate them to our current projects and clarify them with illustrations.
Please do respond with an entry on the forum page, that is connected to any issue in this website. Keep in contact and help us to find our path into the www-network. We need a lot of support to get where we want to be. In exchange Demotech has a big stack of innovations and innovative approaches to offer, all aimed at the reduction of poverty and to safe guard our environment.
Look for yourself in this website and come back for the latest updates!

How
Only from interaction with our users can we learn the best way to present our knowledge. As a start, we just copy our database to our website, using as well as we can the special possibilities of web pages. Learning while doing, you'll find our approach will change and many inconsistentcies will crop up.
For the time being, we accept that and concentrate on offering the best information and images we can produce.





Planned progress
Below items to correct or improve this site should be reconsidered again. A new list of priorities has to be made.

  1. 'Group' add in menu.
  2. Make missing icons
  3. Icons should be linked to legend
  4. Rewrite 'about us' page
  5. Look at sort of designs (differs now in menu and list)
  6. New layout forum page. It should have the Arial fond and a background of block lined paper as the other pages have.
  7. Link from forum pages to design ?
  8. Link (in sub-design) to next/back?
  9. Image behind pump (if possible).
  10. Automatic index below design page if there are sub-pages.



Internal links

Links

Interlinking is a precious good. In this page you will find web links that somehow relate to Demotech's work.

HealthWrights
De Twaalf Ambachten
Anita Roddich of the Body Shop
HAMAR
LHUMP

De Nieuwe Wildernis

Engeneers Without Borders
Ecologic, an Internet tool to assist EcoTourism
Intermediate Technology Development Group
Rampenplan
World Watch Institute
Vereniging Milieu Defensie>/a>
Grassroots Projects
Vereniging De Civiel Ingenieur
Ingenieurs zonder Grenzen

Reconsidering the presentation of Demotech targets and policies in our website

We look into the possibility of improving the presentation of text related to images. Marc van der Kamp looks into the possibility of writing PHP-scripts to present on teh web three comparable text/image presentations.

  • Powerpoint-like presentation of text-on-images shown as a series of slides. Purpose is to clarify more complex concepts such as the Demtoech policy.
  • Easy and quick to produce presentation of an imaga with its description. This may help to promote feedback through Open Source of the development in the construction of prototypes.
  • Construction manuals need carefully taken pictures or grafics presented with well considered text. As an example we look at this way of presenting technical information .

Presentation on

Leonora Oppenheim and Rejo Zenger volonteered to edit the 'About Us" page. We need a very inspiring introduction page to the Demotech ideas. Marc van der Kamp wil make a presentation module, offering a kind of slideshow. This slideshow may be used also to present "About Us".

Ten Things (Just Ten!) That Every Nonprofit Needs to Know About Information Technology

Debora Elizabeth Finn published this text as a handout for one of her workshops on IT managmene for Non Profit Organizations. It has a wealth of practical tips as well as recources available at the web.

MoveOn, or the power of combining Internet with a deeply felt social need

Internet can give power to to a communal felt need. Frustration with Democratic voters in the US first with a too long focus of politics on President Clinton's impeachment, later on what happened around the war in Iraq gave power to an initiative on Internet called "Move On".
Could the swift succes of Move On be repeated with an initiative like that of Demotech or Solaroof?
More on 'Move On' at: http://www.moveon.org/front/



External Links

Links on Technical information on creation and upkeep of a website

  • How to create and maintain a website.
    The purpose, function, placement, creation and maintenance of the website are all substantial decisions best laid out in an initial planning process. This document is designed to answer some of the questions about what building a site may require, and to steer you to outlining a clear and thorough strategy for your site.
    http://www.lincproject.org/toolkit/techtip_webguide.html
  • The ?Website Planning Worksheet? is a document developed by the LINC Project to help organizations implement their website plan. They recommend that you consult it before you begin to plan. It is located at
    http://www.lincproject.org/toolkit/webplanwrksht.pdf
  • Send us an email form about any relevant link, that should be added here


What other people say...

If you like you can add your own comment

by Marc - Mon Dec 02 (2002)
Email address toevoegen
I see that it would be handy to have an email address field in this forum to alow direct answers (and not visible on the web pages)

by Ruud and Reinder, email correspondence, Dutch lang - Fri Nov 01 (2002)
Options for cooperation in design
On Friday, Aug 29, 2003, at 19:27 Europe/Amsterdam, Vanwagenbergrhm@cs.com wrote:

Hallo Reinder,
Bedankt voor je laatste reactie. Ik moet nog herhaaldelijk denken aan ons gesprek afgelopen woensdag.
Vanmiddag schoot me weer iets te binnen. Je vertelde op een gegeven moment, dat je na een project in Thailand, van die mensen afscheid wilde nemen, en dat ze je toen zeiden dat ze nog een probleem hadden, nl. op het gebied van transport: "Hoe brengen we onze spullen naar de markt ?". Kun je daar nog iets meer over zeggen ? Wanneer was dat ? Om wat voor spullen ging het ? Hoe zagen het terrein en de wegen eruit? Is het probleem inmiddels opgelost ? Hadden ze zelf helemaal geen karretjes of kruiwagens o.i.d. ??
Groetjes, Ruud

Dag Ruud!
Eerst even een direct antwoord op je vraag; Thailand was (waarschijnlijk is) een eigenzinnig land, nooit gekolonialiseerd, veel eigen technische ontwikkelingen vanuit de lokale ambachtelijkheid. Ik denk aan de motoraandrijving van hun smalle boten, LPG voor brommers, de manier van houtzagen. Waarom geen oplossing voor een lokaal gevoelde vraag, als het land inventief is?
Mogelijk lag het probleem anders, bijvoorbeeld de politie die te veel eist van de vrachtvervoerders, of de vrachtvervoerders die een monopolie hebben, die ze maffioos afdwingen. Problemen zijn op z'n best partieel technisch.
Nog concreter: Het land is vlak, er zijn veel wegen, er zijn twee wielige wagens op luchtbanden, mensen zijn niet extreem arm. Bij mijn vertrek uit dat project ging het om boeren die van overheidswege verjaagd waren van hun grond voor de bouw van een stuwdam. Ze zaten nu onmogelijk ver van hun oude afnemers, nieuwe afnemers verwerven betekent ze afnemen van andere boeren-leveranciers. Niet een gewenst perspectief.

Je ziet, ook een socioloog komt er niet achter wat de eigenlijke problemen zijn en wat derhalve de oplossingen zouden moeten worden. Mijn aanpak is dan ook anders en lijkt op de jouwe.
Daarom is het inspirerend om je te ontmoeten en met je te overleggen. Mijn benadering is gebruik maken van mijn innovatief vermogen als techneut om een groot aantal technische oplossingen te bedenken, die te evalueren, te laten groeien, er testen mee uit te voeren en om er tenslotte de gebruikers te vragen wat ze er van vinden.
Zo'n vraag niet stellen met woorden, maar vanuit het ding zelf.
Het voortraject vooraf aan zo'n introductie is zwaar. Bijna alles gaat met de vuilnis mee. Niet anders overigens dan bij de industrie. Het voortraject is dan ook het traject waar het meest in te verdienen is door de 'Open Source' aanpak. Wederzijds valt er veel te corrigeren en te inspireren. In minuten van creatieve interactie kan je jaren van moeizaam eigen gezoek winnen.
Zo vind ik jouw ontwerp voor de schouderwagen uitdagend, maar mijn handen jeuken om dat idee anders uit te werken. Daar heb ik dan de tijd niet voor, want ik zit zelf al jaren aan te hikken tegen problemen waar jij mogelijk de antwoorden voor uit je mouw schud.
We hadden het over de spiraaltrap en de Ultra-Light met diesel aandrijving om er maar twee te noemen.

Wat te doen? Een paar mogelijke antwoorden:
  1. Ik kan je mijn werkplaats en wat inspirerend overleg aanbieden voor een volgende testversie van je
  2. Ik kan jouw huidige ontwerp op Internet zetten en afwachten of er respons op komt.
  3. Ik kan simpelweg zeggen wat ik er nu van vind en het daar bij laten.
  4. Ik kan het ontwerp voor je verder uitwerken, onder jouw directie.
1) lijkt me wel wat, de werkplaats is er en het kost me geen tijd. 2) is helemaal niks. veel werk om de lappen tekst in HTML te vertalen en geen mens die er wat mee kan en eventueel zal reageren, 3) werkt ook niet omdat het geen ruimte inbouwt voor verdere ondersteuning en gewoon niet leuk werkt. 4) Daar voel ik ook al niet voor omdat mijn agenda voor de volgende jaren vol zit.

Kortom tijd voor tijd ruilen, gebruik maken van elkaars recources, inspiratie verwelkomen en toch je eigen koers bepalen. Hiervoor ben ik te porren.
Graag hoor ik je hier weer over.
Vriendelijke groet, Reinder

by Ruud and Reinder, email correspondence, Dutch lang - Fri Nov 01 (2002)
Re: Options for cooperation in design
On Friday, Nov 05, 2003, Europe/Amsterdam,
Vanwagenbergrhm@cs.com
wrote:

Hallo Reinder,
Ook ik ben te porren voor de werkwijze om elkaar te inspireren met ideen en verder je eigen weg te gaan. Je schrijft dat je handen jeuken om mijn schouderwagen-ontwerp aan te passen. Je zit kennelijk boordevol ideen.
Ik ben benieuwd naar je suggesties.
Groeten,
Ruud.

by Herman de Roos - Wed Dec 03 (2003)
Website
A friend of mine, Emi Meijer, made me aware of your website. First of all I want to complement to you in the way you have worked out this fabulous ideas of constructing aids for people in developing countries without commercial goals. I knew about these things but sofar I had not seen them being realized. I like your website however it took some time to load it on my computer. I also think the photos you show are a little small. I am also curious about the people involved in the project. Further it was ok for me. Not to much information at the first stage but a possibility to look into it deeper when I wanted. So I liked it, keep up the good work. Herman de Roos

by Reinder / Demotech - Sat Nov 01 (2003)
Monitoring Demotech's Wiki web pages
'Door wie en hoe blijven de Wiki webpagina's op orde' is Dutch for 'How are Demotech's Wiki web pages monitored?'. Simple answer: by the same people who run this website and keep Demotech on track. Technically anyone can participate. There is always the possibility to go back in the 'page history' to text as it once has been. General Wiki practice in most Wiki's is that a group of dedicated editors forms itself. These people have a common understanding of what is proper, promote that or remove stuff that does not belong in their Wiki site. Right now Demotech's team, Marc, Reinder and the two interns Jos and Joost see it as their task to create an internal structure in their Wiki. Follow their journey into the unknown!

by Sasha - Fri Dec 03 (2004)
interesting link
www.planetaryrenewal.org/ipr/ultralc.html

I dont have any clue where to send this link so I will send it here
I think its interesting concerning home building
Sasha

by Reinder / Demotech - Fri Dec 03 (2004)
Link on low cost housing
Sasha, hi! Thanks for sending this link, that I'll add to the link paragraph of Demotech's Sustainable Housing issue at www.demotech.org/design/designA.php?d=35
I'll also mail it to the Sustainable Housing Group of Solaroof.org. I learned in The Gambia that the cost of a tin roof was too high for most people to afford. The cost of the rest of the house was no problem
Indeed, a dome construction as shown here could solve the cost for roofing problem. Reinder
From:
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by Sasha - Sun Dec 05 (2004)
open space technology /a new(old) way of communicating
The Co-Intelligence Institute RETURN to home page -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Open Space Technology In my experience open space is based on the belief that we humans are intelligent, creative, adaptive, meaning- and fun-seeking. It sets the context for such creatures to come together knowing they are going to treat each other well. When this happens there is no limit to what can unfold. Alan Stewart personal communication Open Space Technology was created in the mid-1980s by organizational consultant Harrison Owen when he discovered that people attending his conferences loved the coffee breaks better than the formal presentations and plenary sessions. Combining that insight with his experience of life in an African village, Owen created a totally new form of conferencing. Open Space conferences have no keynote speakers, no pre-announced schedules of workshops, no panel discussions, no organizational booths
Instead, sitting in a large circle, participants learn in the first hour how they are going to create their own conference. Almost before they realize it, they become each other's teachers and leaders. Anyone who wants to initiate a discussion or activity, writes it down on a large sheet of paper in big letters and then stands up and announces it to the group. After selecting one of the many pre-established times and places, they post their proposed workshop on a wall. When everyone who wants to has announced and posted their initial offerings, it is time for what Owen calls "the village marketplace": Participants mill around the wall, putting together their personal schedules for the remainder of the conference. The first meetings begin immediately. Open Space is, as Owen likes to say, more highly organized than the best planning committee could possibly manage. It is also chaotic, productive and fun. No one is in control. A whirlwind of activity is guided from within by a handful of simple Open Space principles. The most basic principle is that everyone who comes to an Open Space conference must be passionate about the topic and willing to take some responsibility for creating things out of that passion. Four other key principles are: 1) Whoever comes is the right people. 2) Whatever happens is the only thing that could have. 3) Whenever it starts is the right time. 4) When it is over it is over. My favorite Open Space principle is The Law of Two Feet: "If you find yourself in a situation where you aren't learning or contributing, go somewhere else." (To me, this includes the possibility of moving to another level of awareness and participation, as well as the more obvious one of moving to another activity.) This law causes some participants to flit from activity to activity. Owen rejoices in such people, calling them bumblebees because they cross-pollinate all the workshops. He also celebrates participants who use The Law of Two Feet to go off and sit by themselves. He dubs them butterflies, because they create quiet centers of non-action for stillness, beauty, novelty or random conversations to be born. Open space conferences can be done in one day, but the most powerful go on for two or three days, or longer. Participants gather together briefly in the morning and the evening to share experiences and announce any new workshops they have concocted. The rest of the day is spent in intense conversation. Even meals are come-when-you-can affairs that go on for hours, filled with bustling dialogue. After a few days of this, an intense spirit of community usually develops that is all the more remarkable considering that participants are all doing exactly what they want. Open Space conferences are particularly effective when a large, complex operation needs to be thoroughly reconceptualized and reorganized -- when the task is just too big and complicated to be sorted out "from the top." On the assumption that such a system contains within it the seeds of everything that needs to happen with it, Open Space provides it with an opportunity to self-organize into its new configuration. For this to work, however, the system's leaders must let go of control so that true self-organization can take place. Open Space Technology is also a delightful, useful tool for any group of people who are really interested in exploring something that they all care deeply about. I look forward to its broad use in organizing communities and exploring public issues. Open Space is one of the simplest, most brilliant combinations of order and chaos that I have yet found. It has been applied in thousands of meetings around the world with between five and one thousand participants
It can be effectively used by virtually anybody. Owen has provided excellent instructions in his books, below. (For a story of Open Space, see You'll Never Know Who will Bring In Your Next $20,000,000.)

by Reinder / Demotech - Sun Dec 05 (2004)
Re: open space technology /a new(old) way of communicating
Open Space Technology In my experience open space is based on the belief that we humans are intelligent, creative, adaptive, meaning- and fun-seeking ..... Sasha! This 'Open Space' idea is highly relevant for the Demotech items 'Open Source' and 'More Joy per Person'. I will copy this story to these items soon. Thanks for posting! I have experienced the fun of a similar Workshop Market at Ecotopia. In their two weeks summercamps everybody gives and attents workshops. I myself gave workshops on the DemoCamp-units and attended workshops that I never will forget! The philosopher Ivan Illich described in his book "Deschooling Society" a university working according to the same principles.

by Sasha - Sun Dec 05 (2004)
I couldnt resist,if inappropriate,just delete message...
You'll Never Know Who will Bring In Your Next $20,000,000 On Thursday, October 21, 1993, The Rockport Company closed down for two days to explore new directions. They held an open space meeting -- a form of conferencing in which attendees self-organize into workshops and task groups with little direction. The bean counters objected to the costs of suspending operations, but company president John Thorbeck was adamant
Almost the entire workforce attended. The conference was held in a cavernous warehouse. People from all levels of the corporate hierarchy mixed together in dozens of groups discussing company issues and possibilities. Managers, line workers, supervisors, clerical staff and dock workers had unprecedented access to each other. As the warehouse hummed with excited energy, a security guard (who was not a Rockport employee) wandered among the shelves, crates and circles of people. He lingered over a discussion of new products, finally pulling up a chair. "He mentioned that he spent a lot of time on his feet and would love to wear the kind of comfortable shoes that Rockport made," writes Srikumar S. Rao in Training magazine. "But his company would never buy them because they didn't 'look right' as part of a guard's uniform
Why couldn't the company redesign the uppers so that they met the security company's uniform specifications?" Suddenly the guard found himself barraged with questions. Someone pulled some shoes off the shelves and started cutting them up and fitting parts together. Within a few hours they'd sketched out the new product idea
"Rockport is proceeding to develop such a line of shoes," writes Rao
"If it is an average performer in the market, [CFO Anthony] Tiberii expects sales of about $20 million per year." Compiled from a talk by Harrison Owen, founder of Open Space Technology and from Srikumar S. Rao, "Welcome to Open Space," Training, April 1994, pp. 52-56 COMMENTARY: Inclusiveness and collaboration are two trademarks of co-intelligence. Many other ideas emerged from this particular Open Space gathering, but I find it significant that the most profitable idea came from someone who wasn't an employee. The willingness of the group to embrace an outsider made the company millions of dollars. That willingness was no accident. The spirit and structure of the Open Space approach treats everyone as a creative, responsible peer and helps them welcome unexpected developments. The processes, structures and cultures we operate with can make all the difference in how co-intelligent we are.

by Reinder / Demotech - Sun Dec 05 (2004)
Open Space Technology
Sasha, co-intelligence is what we go for. Internet is the most appropriate tool. Now we need results. Demotech need more feed back on its initiatives. Demotech should be linked to initiatives it can contribute to. That is inclusiveness and collaboration. Anyway you were of help! Greetings, Reinder

by Sasha - Mon Dec 06 (2004)

by Sasha - Sat Dec 03 (2005)
Trees Make Electricity? article link
www.treehugger.com/files/2006/03/the_new_power_p_1.php The New "Power Plants": Trees Make Electricity? March 21, 2006 01:00 PM - Jacob Gordon, Los Angeles, CA electric_trees.jpg It appears that a small electrical component company near Boston has figured out how to get electricity out of trees. connected to the LED to keep the LED lit continuously...

by Reinder / Demotech - Sat Dec 03 (2005)
Re: Trees Make Electricity? article link
Sasha, hello! Thanks for posting this dreamy message. Should all trees be genetically manipulated to produce fittings for LED's next to the buds for leaves in the spring? I realize there is plenty opportunity for making use of eco batteries. At an English university they build a server that ran on potato's. There are tricks to optimize the use of the natural electrolite of plant matter. The kind of current that can be had from such batteries is surely enough for reading, when you use a yellow LED (white LED's need more voltage and current, I am told). But Sasha, can you please mail me your email address, The one I have does not work anymore. Greetings, Reinder

by Sasha - Sat Dec 03 (2005)
ultracheap sterilisation of water,article
Using the sun to sterilise water Tanzanian villagers have begun using an energy-saving method to sterilise their drinking water - leaving the water under the sun. The piped water supply to Ndolela village in the central Iringa region is intermittent and even when it does flow, it is not clean enough to drink. When the pipes run dry, villagers get water from a dirty spring. Mother of five Rose Longwa says the new process has changed her life. "We no longer suffer from stomach illness. That's because the water is clean and safe." Like many other people in rural Africa with no access to safe drinking water, she used to sterilise her water by boiling it. But she says the smoke from the firewood to heat the water used to irritate her eyes. She is also glad she no longer has to go to fetch wood from the bush. Ultra-violet rays About 40 houses in Ndolela are using solar purification. Mrs Longwa says the process is simple to follow. We need to educate the people Daudi Makamba Plan International "I fill the plastic bottles, put the lids on, then put them on my black-painted roof where they stay for a whole day." The sun heats the water, helped by the black roof, which helps to absorb the heat. Solar radiation means a combination of ultra-violet rays and heat destroys the bacteria which cause common water-borne diseases like cholera, typhoid, dysentery and diahorrea. After eight hours in the sun, it is ready to drink. If the water reaches more than 50C, it is safe in just one hour. Pastor Moses Kwanga from the Diocese of Ruaha is behind the project: "The technology is very easy, but up to now people have not been told about it. We can use old pieces of roofing to put the bottles on. It is also very cheap, so is accessible to everyone." Resistance Up to now, the number of people in Tanzania purifying water using the power of the sun is limited to a few villages like Ndolela, where small-scale education programmes are underway. Daudi Makamba is a water expert for the aid agency Plan International, which is considering whether to introduce solar purification across the country. He says it can be difficult to persuade people to use the technology. "The big resistance from the community is cultural beliefs. People believe the water will be contaminated, or an enemy will put something bad in it, so we need to educate the people." The technology is working well for at least one community in Tanzania but more work is needed if more people are to taste the benefits. World Water Day is on 22 March Story from BBC NEWS:

by Reinder / Demotech - Sat Dec 03 (2005)
Re: ultracheap sterilisation of water,article
Sasha, hello and thanks for posting this message. The solar desinfectation method that the article mentiones, is promoted by Sodis in Switserland www.sodis.ch/ Interesting is the slow acceptance of such a ultimate effective and cost-free method. Why is it not accepted with the speed of how news spreads and is known everywhere, such as the cartoon affair? Is staying healty not of enough importance
Look at the sadness of people at a war caused funeral in Irak, for example. Think of the millions of people dying before their time because of dirty water! Does this not generate energy for a change? Clearly not! This is something I'll try to get some more grip on in the coming time. Sasha, please mail me you email adress. I couldn't contact you with the address I had. Greetings, Reinder

by Sasha - Sun Dec 04 (2005)
I couldnt resist,if inappropriate,just delete message...
You'll Never Know Who will Bring In Your Next $20,000,000 On Thursday, October 21, 1993, The Rockport Company closed down for two days to explore new directions. They held an open space meeting -- a form of conferencing in which attendees self-organize into workshops and task groups with little direction. The bean counters objected to the costs of suspending operations, but company president John Thorbeck was adamant. Almost the entire workforce attended. The conference was held in a cavernous warehouse. People from all levels of the corporate hierarchy mixed together in dozens of groups discussing company issues and possibilities. Managers, line workers, supervisors, clerical staff and dock workers had unprecedented access to each other. As the warehouse hummed with excited energy, a security guard (who was not a Rockport employee) wandered among the shelves, crates and circles of people. He lingered over a discussion of new products, finally pulling up a chair. "He mentioned that he spent a lot of time on his feet and would love to wear the kind of comfortable shoes that Rockport made," writes Srikumar S. Rao in Training magazine. "But his company would never buy them because they didn't 'look right' as part of a guard's uniform. Why couldn't the company redesign the uppers so that they met the security company's uniform specifications?" Suddenly the guard found himself barraged with questions. Someone pulled some shoes off the shelves and started cutting them up and fitting parts together. Within a few hours they'd sketched out the new product idea. "Rockport is proceeding to develop such a line of shoes," writes Rao. "If it is an average performer in the market, [CFO Anthony] Tiberii expects sales of about $20 million per year." Compiled from a talk by Harrison Owen, founder of Open Space Technology and from Srikumar S. Rao, "Welcome to Open Space," Training, April 1994, pp. 52-56 COMMENTARY: Inclusiveness and collaboration are two trademarks of co-intelligence. Many other ideas emerged from this particular Open Space gathering, but I find it significant that the most profitable idea came from someone who wasn't an employee. The willingness of the group to embrace an outsider made the company millions of dollars. That willingness was no accident. The spirit and structure of the Open Space approach treats everyone as a creative, responsible peer and helps them welcome unexpected developments. The processes, structures and cultures we operate with can make all the difference in how co-intelligent we are.

by Sasha - Tue Dec 06 (2005)
The amazing 1$ DIY village FM radio station
People are not waiting,they are creating "demotech" news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4735642.stm

If you like you can add your own comment



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